NILHR – Annual Reports on Work and Employment
1. Annual Report on Work and Employment (2020)
Summary: The Annual Report of the National Institute of Labour and Human Resources (ΝΙLHR) with the title Work and Employment in Greece is being published for the sixth time. It includes chapters
on the concequences of Covid-19 and the long-term economic crisis on the economy, the labour market
and society at large. The other chapters focus on the following topics: digital economy, vocational education and training, immigration, labour relations and trends in the labour market for specific social groups.
CHAPTER 1 – COVID-19: Consequences for the economy, the labour market and the society (by Olympia Kaminioti). The consequences of Covid-19 for the economy, the labour market and society at large are outlined, based on available data. First, the epidemiological trends are recorded for Greece and internationally. Then, the overall and sectoral outcomes are considered, especially in areas where the strongest effects are noticed. Subsequently, the focus moves on the labour market outcomes of Covid-19, focusing, in particular, on employment-unemployment and labour relations. Moreover, the social consequences of the corona virus for vulnerable groups are discussed. The chapter ends with conclusions for a number of affected areas.
CHAPTER 2 – Greeece in the digital age: Employment, occupations and skills (by Stavros P. Gavroglou & Vaios Kotsios). In this chapter we present and analyze empirical findings on the state of the Greek society with respect to the 4th industrial revolution, in comparison to other countries of the European Union. We focus, among the multiple facets of the digital economy, on the development of human capital. We highlight, in particular, the level and the tendencies of digital skills and digital occupations in the labour market, aiming to contribute to a better understanding of the landscape on which various initiatives are being planned and policies are being designed for the transition to the digital age.
CHAPTER 3 – New Technologies reshape skills for the workforce: the role of Vocational Education and Training policies (by Chryssa Paidoussi). Digital technologies are bringing radical changes in our societies. The world of work in particular is being increasingly transformed by new technologies and innovation causing a dramatic shift in the required knowledge and skills of human resources. The complexity and impacts of these changes create major and urgent challenges in European and national policies not only at the technological, social or economic level, but also at educational and vocational training levels. This chapter focuses on key EU and national policies, programs and initiatives in the field of vocational education and training which aim to support inclusive growth, and, above all, a smooth transition of human resources into a mutating labour market.
CHAPTER 4 – Before and after the crisis: aspects of the labour market flexibility in Greece (byApostolos Charissis). In this chapter, two forms of flexibility of the labour market in Greece, part-time and temporary employment, are examined. These forms are examined both at overall and at the level of sectors of economic activity for the period before, at the peak, and after the economic crisis. Τhe changes and the evolution of these forms of flexibility are examined with aim to highlight some new aspects of the reality of employment in the country and having as reference years 2008, 2013 and 2018. Data from the Labour Force Surveys and Ergani System are utilized.
CHAPTER 5 – Before and after the crisis: aspects of labour market flexibility in professions in Greece (by Apostolos Charissis). Two forms of flexibility of the labour market in Greece, part-time and temporary employment, are examined with respect to specific occupations. In this chapter (in addition to the previous one) these forms of flexibility are examined at the level of professions for the period before, at the peak, and after the economic crisis. Having as reference years 2008, 2013 and 2018, the changes and the evolution that occurred for part-time and temporary employment in the various categories of professions are examined, showing the development and change in the professional structure in the country. The relevant Labour Force Surveys are utilized.
CHAPTER 6 – The new graduates in the labour market: Degradation or precariousness? (by Aggeliki Papaderaki). The high unemployment rates observed in Greece, especially since 2008, have caused structural changes in the labour market, in labour relations and in the way employees relate to their employment. You are invited to read in this chapter an attempt to approach these transformations and how precarious employment is defined and in which ways it thrives. The mechanism through which employees are forced to occupy positions for which they are overqualified is further examined. This new reality stands in the way for young graduates trying to integrate into the labour market facing these difficulties. Do university studies offer young graduates a form of protection against low wages and precariousness?
CHAPTER 7 – Immigration: A multifaceted socio-political phenomenon that demands modern answers
(by Konstantina Baskozou). This chapter examines the phenomenon of migration for two major periods for Greece since there are significant differences in the movement of populations before 2014 in relation to the current situation experienced by the country. The aim of this chapter is to record the phenomenon over time, hoping to contribute constructively to its understanding but mainly to highlight its current aspects in problematic areas of its management as well as good practices in Greece. For the needs of the present study, in addition to the literature review and the utilization of secondary sources, interviews with employees working in the field and interviews with staff executives of certain organizations were utilized to collect relevant data.
2. Annual Report on Work and Employment (2018)
3. Annual Report on Work and Employment (2017)
4. Annual Report on Work and Employment (2014)